Leptospirosis is a serious bacterial disease caused by Leptospira bacteria, which thrive in stagnant water, mud, and soil contaminated by the urine of infected wildlife (like rodents, raccoons, and skunks). It is zoonotic, meaning it can be transmitted from dogs to humans.
Common Symptoms:
Symptoms in dogs are often nonspecific and can resemble other illnesses. They generally appear 4 to 12 days after exposure and include:
- Fever and lethargy Vomiting, diarrhea, and loss of appetite
- Increased thirst and urination
- Muscle tenderness, stiAness, or reluctance to move
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin, gums, or eyes)
- DiAiculty breathing (in severe cases)
Diagnosis and Treatment Diagnosis: Requires a visit to the veterinarian, where blood work, urine testing, and specialized antibody or PCR tests are typically performed.
Treatment: The disease is treated with specific antibiotics and intensive supportive care (such as intravenous fluids, nausea medication, and hospitalization in severe cases). The prognosis is generally good if treatment begins early, but severe cases can result in permanent kidney or liver damage.
Prevention
Vaccination: An annual vaccine is available and is highly recommended by veterinarians for dogs that hike, swim, go to dog parks, or have access to the outdoors. The vaccine generally protects against the four most common strains of the bacteria.
Environmental Safety: Avoid letting your dog drink or swim in slow-moving water, puddles, or swampy areas.
If you suspect your dog has been exposed to or is showing symptoms of leptospirosis, contact your veterinarian immediately for an evaluation.
https://news.vt.edu/articles/2024/09/vetmed-lepto.html